一 Profitability and return

　　1,Gross profit margin=profit margin/sales×100%

　　2,Operating profit margin=PBIT(profit before interest and tax)/sales×100%

　　3,Asset turnover=sales revenue/average total assets

　　4,Capital employed=shareholder’s equity+long-term debts=total assets-current liability

　　5,ROCE=operating profit margin×asset turnover

　　=PBIT/capital employed×100%

　　二 Liquidity

　　1，Current ratio=current asset/current liability

　　2,Quick ratio=(current asset-inventory)/current liability

　　三 Working capital analysis

　　1,Receivable days=trade receivable/credit sales×365

　　2,Inventory turnover period=inventory/cost of sales×365

　　3,Payable payment days=trade payable/purchase(or cost of sales)×365

　　四 Long-term solvency

　　1,Debt ratio=total debts/total assets×365

　　2,Gearing ratio=total long term debt/(shareholder’ equity+long-term debt)×365

　　Or

　　Total long term debt/(total asset-current liability)×100%

　　3,Interest cover=PBIT/interest charges